![]() The pectineus is located in the femoral triangle, which is formed at the junction between the hip and the leg and includes the femoral nerve, the femoral artery, the femoral vein, and the deep inguinal lymph nodes. Like the adductor longs, the pectineus adducts and flexes the femur at the hip. The adductor longus also flexes the thigh, whereas the adductor magnus extends it. The muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh responsible for adducting the femur at the hip are the adductor group including the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus which all adduct and medially rotate the thigh. Deep to the gluteus maximus, the piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris laterally rotate the thigh at the hip.ĭeep fascia in the thigh separates it into medial, anterior, and posterior compartments. It also helps stabilize the lateral aspect of the knee by pulling on the iliotibial tract (band), making it taut. It acts as a synergist of the gluteus medius and iliopsoas in flexing and abducting the thigh. The tensor fascia latae is a thick, squarish muscle in the superior aspect of the lateral thigh. Figure 11.4.23 Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Femur A combination of gluteal and thigh muscles also adduct, abduct, and rotate the thigh and lower leg. The posterior muscles of the femur flex the lower leg but also aid in extending the thigh. The anterior muscles of the femur extend the lower leg but also aid in flexing the thigh. The muscles that move the lower leg typically originate on the femur and insert into the bones of the knee joint. Figure 11.4.22 – Hip and Thigh Muscles: The large and powerful muscles of the hip that move the femur generally originate on the pelvic girdle and insert into the femur. The gluteus maximus, one of the major extensors of the thigh at the hip, is the largest deep to the gluteus maximus is the gluteus medius, and deep to the gluteus medius is the gluteus minimus, the smallest of the trio ( Figure 11.4.22 and Figure 11.4.23). Some of the largest and most powerful muscles in the body are the gluteal muscles or gluteal group. The major flexors of the hip are the psoas major and iliac which make up the iliopsoas group. Most muscles that insert on the femur (the thigh bone) and move it, originate on the pelvic girdle. ![]() Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Thigh Therefore, what the leg muscles lack in range of motion and versatility, they make up for in size and power, facilitating the body’s stabilization, posture, and movement. If the center of gravity were not to remain fixed, standing up would be difficult. The pelvic girdle’s lack of range of motion allows it to stabilize and support the body. The body’s center of gravity is in the area of the pelvis. There is very little movement of the pelvic girdle because of its connection with the sacrum at the base of the axial skeleton and because the deep acetabulum provides a stable point of articulation with the head of the femur. Comparatively, there is much more movement at the pectoral girdle than at the pelvic girdle. The appendicular muscles of the lower body position and stabilize the pelvic girdle, which serves as a foundation for the lower limbs. APPENDICULAR MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE AND LOWER LIMBS ![]()
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